Top Glove Corporation Berhad Analysis

Top Glove Corporation Berhad Analysis Globalization opens new chances to all of us. Simultaneously, it increases the difficulties before us. This report starts by presenting globalization and the ascent of the worldwide partnership. In this manner, it would examine the advantages and indentify the difficulties that the chose organization (Top Glove Corporation Ltd) experienced while working together universally. This worldwide organization is the universes biggest elastic glove producer works in three head land territories of the world. It will finish up by introducing a short thought for a global enterprise in working business abroad. A global partnership is alludes to any business that has profitable exercises in at least two nations. Commonly, a worldwide partnership grows new items in its nation of origin and producers them abroad. A worldwide exchange is alludes to a trade of merchandise and enterprises with remote nations. The falling hindrances to cross-outskirt exchange made it simpler for todays firms to sell globally. In any case, remote direct speculation (FDI) is the point at which a firm creation a physical venture into building another processing plant to deliver or advertise an item in another nation. During the 1920s and 30s, different exchange obstructions raised by universes country government have added to the Great Depression of the 1930s (Hill, 2009, p.11). In any case, the development of worldwide foundations, for example, GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and WTO (World Trade Organization) has effectively bringing down the exchange and speculation obstructions among nations and empowered more organizations engaged with global exchange and venture. Moreover, innovative, market, cost and serious components had added to the development of globalization. Numerous open doors had created in a worldwide business. A global organization can extend its incomes by selling items and administrations worldwide by creating in countries where key activity costs, for example, work, are modest. As business sectors globalize, associations progressively participate in cross-more extensive exchange and ventures showing that directors need to perceive that the errand of dealing with a universal business is contrasts from that of dealing with an absolutely household business from numerous points of view. In global settings, supervisor in a worldwide organization is gone up against with a scope of issues that the administrator in unadulterated local business that could never stands up to. Nations contrasts in political frameworks, financial frameworks, culture, legitimate frameworks represent a test to the supervisor on the grounds that these distinctions require the director to fluctuate its practices nation by nation. Corporate Profile Top Glove was set up and established by the couple group of Dr. Lim Wee Chai and Mrs. Tong Siew Bee in year 1991. Dr. Lim Wee Chai was designated as the Chairman of Top Glove Corporation Ltd on 4 September 2000; he has over 20 years of involvement with the elastic and latex fabricating business. Fellow benefactor Mrs. Tong Siew Bee was delegated as an Executive Director of Top Glove on 4 September 2000, she has over 10 years involvement with the data innovation field. The historical backdrop of Top Glove extends back 18 years when Dr. Lim gets an abundance of experience the promoting of customer items while he was the Sales Manager of an auxiliary organization OYL Industries Ltd to set up Top Glove Pte Ltd in 1991. Notwithstanding his initially own glove assembling and exchanging business with just three creation lines, the production has experienced numerous adjustments its corporate way, the organization made due through disorderly occasions during the Asian budgetary emergency in 1997 to 1998. The organization was effectively recorded in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange in year 2001. In a limited capacity to focus somewhat over a year, Top Glove Corporation Ltds posting has been effectively advanced from the Second Board to the Main Board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange on May 16, 2002. Since its commencement in Malaysia in 1991, Top Glove had evoked from 1 processing plant in 1991 with 3 creation lines to 20 production lines in 3 nations and extended this business to be the universes biggest elastic glove producer. There are 14 production lines in Malaysia, 2 industrial facilities in China, 2 glove fabricating processing plants and 2 latex fixation plants in Thailand. With 379 glove creation lines, Top Glove has an immense creation limit of more than 33 billion pieces for every annum. Today, Top Gloves clients comprise of glove shippers and wholesalers from everywhere throughout the world, essentially from the U.S. what's more, Europe. The organization has exhaustive scope of top quality items, for example, Latex Examination Gloves(powdered and without powder), Latex Examination Gloves(Powder free), Colored and Flavored (Mint)Gloves, Soft Nitrile Gloves, Surgical Gloves, Vinyl Gloves, Household Gloves, Polyethylene(PE) gloves, Stretchy Vinyl Gloves, Clean room Gloves, and Polyethylene(PE) Aprons. These top quality items utilized in assortment industry, for example, clinical, food and administrations, dental, car, electronic and research facility parts. Top Glove has a market capitalization of RM3.7 billion as at 31 August 2010. The enterprise posted a business income of RM2.08 billion in FYE2010, it was an expansion of 36% from RM1.53 billion a year ago while benefit after expense of RM250 million rose 49% from RM168 million. (Top Glove, Annual Report 2010). The organization constant puts resources into RD and works together with Rubber Research Institute (RRI) and the Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), Top Glove is at the bleeding edge of new improvement in elastic exploration innovation. The updating and joint efforts of RD is to empower Top Glove to be a world class of practical maker with the most broad scope of premium quality glove items. Advantages Because of the falling hindrances to the free progressions of products and ventures, declining broadcast communications and transportation costs, the volume of cross more extensive exchange and speculation has been developing quickly showing that there are numerous organizations go worldwide. Every one of these elements made it simpler for organizations to contribute abroad and came about the development of global organizations. This segment is to expound potential advantages that Top Glove procures while wandering abroad. Advantages of Globalize Production As indicated by Hill (2009, p.7), the globalization of creation alludes to the sourcing of merchandise and ventures from areas around the world to exploit national contrasts in the expense and nature of variables of creation, (for example, work, vitality, land and capital). By doing this, a worldwide organization would have the option to let down in general cost structure and improve the nature of its items offering. As indicated by Mr. Lim Cheong Guan (Executive Director of Top Glove Corp), he said that remote laborers represent around 50 to 60 percent of the gatherings all out specialists. Despite the fact that the expense of recruiting outside specialists marginally higher, it isn't noteworthy as it tends to be counterbalanced by progress efficiency through the gigantic base of laborers (Top Glove, 2010). For instance, when setting up plants abroad especially in China, the enormous youthful and proficient work power accessible in China gives more decisions to the organization to enroll the gifted works that are difficult to reach in Malaysia. Consequently, with this trademark, the creation in China can be broadened in a minimal effort way. Moreover, lower land obtaining cost combined with lower managerial cost awards Top Glove work its business monetarily and attractive in the host nation. In addition, having manufacturing plants in remote market (for example Top Glove (Zhangjiagang) Co. Ltd in China and Great Glove (Thailand) Co., Ltd in Thailand) would empower the organization to acknowledge area economy on the grounds that the high transportation expenses can be stayed away from and it is progressively best for the organization to convey its items inside the nation other than sending out. Grow Sales and Income Globalization can give Top Glove another wellspring of pay. As a global partnership, aside from serving the nearby needs, the firm can likewise appreciate the deals from the abroad business. For instance, Top Glove has in excess of 900 clients and its items are sent out to in excess of 180 nations. In light of the organization site, the majority of its items cook for send out market, deals income primarily from Europe 33%, North America 29%, Latin America 20% and Rest of the World 18%. Thusly, the general business benefit can be duplicated through the expanding incomes outside of the nation of origin. Global Diversification As referenced before, Top Gloves has a wide fare markets. Therefore, as the organization enhances its market, it turns out to be less helpless against the adjustments in nearby interest. At the end of the day, it spread hazard by abstaining from having all eggs in a solitary bushel. For example, on account of neighborhood showcase goes immersed or other factor, for example, financing cost raised by nearby government, while working in such a gigantic market can guarantee Top Glove against such dangers. As per Shapiro and Sarin (2009, p.19-20), the remote incomes by and large are not entirely corresponded with those of household ventures, the more prominent peril of individual undertakings abroad can well be counterbalanced by useful portfolio impacts. This has implied that a worldwide organization like Top Glove would have the option to decrease burdens and maintain a strategic distance from tight money control through outside direct speculation having depended on the presence of budgetary market flaws. We have better benefit, great income and an extremely sound accounting report said by Chairman Dr. Lim Wee Chai in a meeting (Porter and Li, 2010). This additionally infers the more noteworthy income would empower the company to procure likely business or to deliver out profits to its investors. Upper hands With respect to the glove business producers like Kossan Rubber Industries Berhad, Supermax Corporation Bhd, Hartalega Holdings Berhad are the significant rivals in the nearby market. Howev

The impact of social media on our society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The effect of online life on our general public - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that the rise and notoriety of online informal communities as of late has changed how living creatures cooperate with one another and has caused society to experience significant changes. The fame of and simple access to online life has certainly added to the general public in a constructive manner, connecting holes between various networks and helping individuals to develop and advertise their organizations. Interpersonal organizations have made it conceivable to immediately share information inside no time, with no space confinements. Be it social activism, advancement of one’s business, a network organizing previous classmates, internet based life has helped people to find their latent capacity and imagination in new manners. Internet based life destinations propping up every day add to â€Å"all periods of the substance esteem chain including creation, handling, circulation, and utilization. It likewise began and brought to the multi media segment another thought little of and now a basic part of science and innovation: social collaboration and systems administration. The significance of this new quickly advancing examination field is plainly prove by the many related rising advancements and applications including on the web content sharing administrations and networks, media correspondence over the Internet, social mixed media search, intuitive administrations and amusement, human services and security applications. It is clear that this medium isn’t constrained for diversion utilize just, yet in addition encourages cultural change in a quicker and helpful manner.

SDSU Scholarship Essay Samples - Three Important Steps

SDSU Scholarship Essay Samples - Three Important StepsStudents from San Diego State University are in a dilemma with regard to writing their SDSU scholarship essay samples. It has become so common that many students have only the slightest idea what to expect. With this information, they must not only be careful in presenting their work but also learn how to present it as compellingly as possible.Writing a scholarship essay can be a real chore for those who do not have the proper guidance or expertise on the subject. This can be especially true when you have not ever gone into scholarship writing before. There are some essay samples to help with this but it is still vital that you know exactly what you are getting yourself into before getting started. You may not know what a SDSU scholarship means and what it involves until you begin to write.The first step in presenting your scholarship essay is to consider whether or not you would like to get assistance or whether you would like to write it on your own. It is best to get assistance from professionals. Even if you are not professional at writing yet, there are some resources available online and in your local library that can help you build your knowledge base on the subject.Finding SDSU scholarship essay samples that can help with your essay is easy. Many sites will provide you with sample scholarship questions to make sure that you understand what is going on. If you have a question or concern that you have not already asked in your application, now is the time to ask it. Doing so will give you and example of how to write about your qualifications and experience.The internet is filled with websites that offer essay samples to help with your research. Some of these websites have templates to help with preparing and editing your work. These are great if you do not have the time to research or if you are willing to take the time to do it.Another way to find essay samples is to browse through different scholarsh ip databases. These databases will provide you with a large number of guidelines that you can use for what you need to submit. Some of these databases have templates that you can use, but you can also type in the name of the scholarship that you are applying for.Finally, if you are writing for a college or university, your scholarship essay can be your ticket to having funds sent your way. A good place to look for an advisor's guidance on how to prepare your scholarship essay is on the internet. You can find thousands of scholarships and bursaries online for free.In order to get your scholarship to pay for school, you need to come up with a compelling story about why you deserve your award. Scholarship essay samples can help you build up your confidence and develop your writing skills for that writing that will make you stand out from the crowd.

Poor Parenting Techniques Displayed in Maurice Sendaks...

Poor Parenting can cause poorly behaved children Where The Wild Things Are was first published in 1963 and is the first part of a trilogy of award - winning books by American author and illustrator Maurice Sendak. Where The Wild Things Are is haunting and imaginative and describes how a young child, called Max, creates a fictitious fantasy world in order to deal with the terrifying reality of anger. Poor parenting is a lack of parenting techniques and skills in relation to the responsibilities and obligations, which need to be fulfilled in order to accomplish prominent problems within the family relationship. Poor parenting is most likely to come from an absence of cooperation from both child and parent, satisfying both needs and†¦show more content†¦As Max interprets the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour in the picture book Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak, it is clearly evident that the ways in which he and his mother are portrayed influence the depiction of characters by the implied reader. Maxs mother is represented in the text as the authoritarian. She has the dominating position in the family and is likely to be the family decision maker. In the 1960s, women were the housekeepers and wives and were the sole minder of the children as the father was a workingman who supplied the bread and water. It should come as no surprise to the implied reader that Maxs mother was therefore the dominant authoritarian as her main job was to care for the children. Max is represented as an adventurous but monstrous 6 to 8 year old child with destructive behaviour. He is wearing a wolf suit as a disguise; it symbolizes a sense of development and privacy. Maxs behaviour is represented in the monster picture he drew. It suggests the adventure he is about to enter is not something that is new. He could have been thinking of a fantasy world, far away from the reality of his anger at his mother, and that he has a history of destructive behaviour. Maxs poor behaviour and characteristics are influenced by his mothers parenting skills and techniques. In a time of great development and growth in this phase of his childhood, Maxs social development characteristics includedShow MoreRelatedpreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesAdministrators Baccalaureate Pathways in Early Childhood Education (BPECE) *During the development of the foundations, these individuals worked for the California Department of Education. ix California Alliance Concerned with SchoolAge Parenting and Pregnancy Prevention (CACSAP/Cal-SAFE) California Association for Bilingual Education (CABE) California Association for the Education of Young Children (CAEYC) California Association of Family Child Care (CAFCC) California Association

Nature Vs Nurture In Moll Flanders - 1734 Words

In a world where a private agreement of marriage counted as a legally binding arrangement, and it was very easy to falsely accuse someone of a crime, or talk your way out of a sticky situation; it is no wonder that Daniel Defoe wrote the crimes that Moll Flanders committed, in the novel Moll Flanders, as a laughable adventure. From thievery to the thought of murder, Molls actions were inexcusable, but to Defoe, an example of what was wrong with crime and punishment at the time in which Moll was alive. While a court did exist, and officers of the law did attempt to thwart criminal behavior, there was something about how many criminals got away that DeFoe seemed to be criticizing, while also seeming to celebrate Moll. This novel not only†¦show more content†¦She began her criminal rendezvous by stealing a package in which she claimed was calling to her to take. Eventually, she gets to the point where she is so well off from stealing that she could retire from living a criminal life. Her criminality seems to give her an identity in life. She can no longer be defined by the men she marries, so she must turn elsewhere. Moll never seems to truly find herself within this novel, and her criminality seems to give her a faà §ade to hide behind. When Moll claims she is rich when marrying Jemy, this is another faà §ade to hide behind. Overall, Moll’s criminality seems like a crutch she uses to navigate herself through society. Moll, however, decides that the criminal life is for her, and does not stop. This is one way in which the novel celebrates the criminal life that Moll is living. She has multiple opportunities where she can get a real job, and support herself without stealing, but she does not. She could have become a seamstress, but she maintains her sticky finger lifestyle. She even talks about how her fingers itch for theft when she has not stolen for a substantial period of time. The novel also celebrates her criminal activity during the episode in which she steals the horse. It is something completely unnecessary in her life, and there is no situation presented that would justify her stealing the horse. It seemed as though she attempted to do that just so she

Analysis Of The Poem Mark Strand - 959 Words

Jamie Wiederholt Mrs. Carson AP Literature 8 December 2015 Mark Strand Mark Strand once said, For some of us, the less said about the way we do things the better.(Strand). In this he might have been referring to his poems. He wrote straightforward surrealistic poems about the nature of life with ambiguous speakers. It is common to see in his poems a story being told without actually telling one. In this way there is a sense of who the speaker is, who the poet is, and a peculiar train of thought expressed with very precise words. Mark Strand was greatly influenced by his time period. The influence of surrealism, a popular form of art in the twentieth century, is prevalent throughout his poems. Mark Strand states in his poet laureate interview that he wished to be like the other poets of his time. He was influenced by Wallace Stevens and Lorca when he was a college student at Yale. In college, he started as an artist and ended as a poet (Nordhaus). His poem, â€Å" Eating Poetry† expresses his love for poetry in a curious way, â€Å"I have been eating poetry†(3). To help bring to light his own personal feelings, he uses surrealistic imagery. He enjoys poetry to an extent that words cannot express, but he does the impossible with this poem when he expresses his enjoyment through the consumption of poetry. â€Å"Their blond legs burn like brush†(11), the dogs being described in this quote represent the freed self in an animalistic way, while the librarian in this poem represents a moreShow M oreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Poor North By Mark Strand1179 Words   |  5 PagesMark Strand’s poem, â€Å"Poor North† depicts the life of a married couple facing countless struggles during a harsh winter. It tells of a man working in an unsuccessful store while his wife sits at home, wishing for her old life back. The way the wife copes with her sadness is both intriguing and perplexing. 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The poetics of becoming and the creative process place the self in Coleridge s aesthetic and spiritual idealism in what I have called a constructiveRead MoreRdg/543 Dynamic Literacy Classroom Essay8655 Words   |  35 Pages1150L/160wcpm (level 9) | | Content Area Level:FAIRReading Comprehension: 13%Word Analysis: 71%Maze: 8 %FCAT Reading (level 1):(1) Vocabulary 20%(2) Reading Applications 33%(3) Literary Analysis 15%(4) Informational Text/Research Process 40% | FAIRRC 10%WA 60%Maze 8%No new FCAT data available | FAIRRC 19%WA 73%Maze 6%No new FCAT data available | FAIRRC 46%WA 77%Maze 23%Strand (1) 44%Strand (2) 39%Strand (3) 35%Strand (4) 55%(Level 2) | Reading: Lexile Measure according to FAIR (Winter 2011) ContentRead MoreMasquerading Colonial Innocence in Rudyard Kiplings Kim2940 Words   |  12 Pagesexperiences as a spy, his appealing association with the lama, and the ability and craftsmanship of Kiplings writing have all produced this daring and evocative if contentious novel to persevere as a minor classic of historical English literature. Analysis of Kim Kiplings selection of a teenage boy as the main character of his lengthiest novel openly gives a signals that he has an appointment with, and appreciation to, an current and still emerging custom of nineteenth-century Anglo-American childrensRead MoreThe Impact Of Beethoven On The Development Of The Symphony Until Mahler3555 Words   |  15 Pagesembraced the extra-musical programmatic ideas. Through an extension of Beethoven’s work in both of these strands, his legacy lived on and he was responsible to a large extent for the rapid development of the symphony. The first of Beethoven’s immense expansions of classical form is the Eroica Symphony. This was written at the start of Beethoven’s â€Å"Heroic Period† and, according to some musicologists, marks the beginning of the Romantic Era. Beethoven’s sudden and drastic stylistic change in this symphonyRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 Pageshis novel The Hours -- one of the titles Woolf considered for her novel in its early stages (Hussey 172)--he shows his indebtedness as a postmodernist writer to one of the principal texts of the modernist canon. In The Hours, all three narrative strands are in one way or the other connected to Mrs. Dalloway: the sections entitled Mrs. Woolf follow the author Virginia Woolf through a single day in 1923, the day she puts the first line of her new novel to paper; the sections under the heading ofRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in theRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pagesis often said that one of the unifying features of Romanticism is its intentional political relevance. Much of the canonical Romantic literature is inspired or informed by socio-political events. We need only look at Blakes work or key poems by second generation Romantics like Shelleys Ode to the West Wind or The Mask of Anarchy to verify this. The same is true of Romantic Gothic which arose around that unique period in European history posthumously defined by the

Effect of Teamwork on Job Satisfaction of Nurses

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Teamwork on Job Satisfaction of Nurses. Answer: Introduction Teamwork is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of work as well as to motivate employees. Teamwork is also very important for effective health care delivery. Studies have been provided strong evidence supporting the positive impact of teamwork upon nursing practices. On the other hand, it has also been seen that patients with complex care delivery, need the assistance of different health care professionals, sometimes they also seek care services from social are workers. In these cases, collaborative work has shown to enhance the efficiency of care delivery through effective teamwork. It has also seen that nursing staffs are dissatisfied due to huge pressure during their shifts, which is leading to high turnover of nurses, as reported by OMalley et al. (2015). Therefore, satisfaction is another key aspect of high productivity of nursing staffs. In previous literatures, it has also shown that the due to dissatisfaction of nurses, cases of medication error and misinterpretation cases are increasing, which are reducing the efficiency of care delivery. The aim of my research proposal is to explore the effect of teamwork on job satisfaction of nurses. It has been reported by the Journal of American Medical Association that approximately 49% registered nurses under the age of 30 experiences high levels of burnout, which affects their performance efficiency (Yi 2015). The main research question emerged would be, is there any link between teamwork and job satisfaction of nurses? In this context, it can be said that the research has enough significance and it can shed light on teamwork related implications in health care sector for enhancing the satisfaction level of nurses. The main purpose of the proposed research is to explore the effectiveness of teamwork upon the job satisfaction of nurses (Neuman and Robson 2012). To meet research aim, researchers established the following reach objective: To conceptualize teamwork and job satisfaction To explore the link between teamwork and job satisfaction in nursing To understand the effect of teamwork on the job satisfaction of nurses in Australia To recommend strategies for improving teamwork in healthcare Method/Design The researcher will undertake a mixed method of research including both the quantitative and qualitative research methods. The research would be conducted in own healthcare organization. The study would be a primary research, as the investigation requires primary empirical data from the nurses in own workplace. The study design would be descriptive or analytical. This research design would be helpful because it would allow in-depth analysis of primary data collected through the data collection methods (Pickard 2012). In addition, the analytical study design helps to undertake both quantitative and qualitative research methods in a study. 50 registered nurses will participate in the quantitative data collection method, from own workplace. The registered nurses would be surveyed, who are working in a multidisciplinary team for contemporary care delivery. The proposed study would include primary data collection methods, which are of two types, one is quantitative data collection method and the other one is qualitative data collection method (Miller et al. 2012). The quantitative data collection method will include survey method. Initially, 50 registered nurses would be informed about the research and after getting their consent, they will be provided with a survey questionnaire through an online platform. The questionnaire would include ten questions with five rating scales. Their feedback would also be collected through the same way. On the other hand, the proposed research would include the qualitative method of data collection by interviewing three nurse managers of own workplace. The nurse managers would be asked ab out the strategies of managing their teams in contemporary health care environment and their effects on health care services. The participants would be included in the proposed research based on some inclusion and exclusion criteria. The nurses who have more than one-year experience and who are within 25-40 years old will be eligible for the study. Nurse Managers would be included according to their availability. Before initiating the proposed research methods, the researcher would have to get the approval from the university and hospital authorities. The primary quantitative data from registered nurses would be subjected to random sampling and the qualitative data from non-random sampling. Analysis of quantitative data will be done by analysis of rating scores. Then statistical analysis would be done for each question. In contrasts, the qualitative data that will be collected from nurse managers would be analyzed by the thematic analysis of managerial transcripts (John Kuada 2012). Results Through the analysis of previous literatures, it has been found that teamwork facilitates job satisfaction of nursing staffs. Thus, from this proposed research, the results are expected to be in favor of the finding of previous literatures. The registered nurse who is working in the multidisciplinary team should receive response in favor of their job satisfaction (Husebo et al. 2011). On the other hand, the nurse managers are expected to highlight their unique strategies through, which motivate their teams effectively for providing better performance. It is also expected that from the proposed research findings, some recommendations could be provided. The results of quantitative data in the proposed research would be represented in tabular and graphical form. In contrast, the qualitative data would be represented in a descriptive manner. After obtaining the results, the findings from the proposed research would be linked with the objectives and research question. Discussion In the next part, the data findings would be analyzed with the previous literatures and findings of some other authors on similar research work. Here, the findings would also be analyzed based on the pre-existing theories. The study findings of the proposed research would be analyzed based on current literatures within last five years; it will enhance the research efficiency. Finally, based on the area of improvement, proper recommendations would be provided for improving the health care delivery services in own workplace. The hospital authority would be able to implement the recommended strategies for enhancing job satisfaction of their nurses (Nelsey and Brownie 2012). In this way, the health care organization can benefit from the research findings. The findings would be concluded aligning with the proposed research objectives. In this part, limitation of the proposed research and the future implications of research findings would also be included. Reference List John Kuada, 2012.Research methodology: A project guide for university students. Samfundslitteratur. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., 2012.Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Nelsey, L. and Brownie, S., 2012. Effective leadership, teamwork and mentoringEssential elements in promoting generational cohesion in the nursing workforce and retaining nurses.Collegian,19(4), pp.197-202. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. OMalley, A.S., Gourevitch, R., Draper, K., Bond, A. and Tirodkar, M.A., 2015. Overcoming challenges to teamwork in patient-centered medical homes: a qualitative study.Journal of general internal medicine,30(2), pp.183-192. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing. students coordination in simulated cardiac arrest situations.Journal of advanced nursing,67(10), pp.2239-2255. Yi, Y.J., 2015. Effects of teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ building on communication and teamwork among nursing students.International nursing review.

Terrorism in Hospitality Industry Essay Example

Terrorism in Hospitality Industry Essay â€Å"Don’t turn the war on terrorism into the war on tourism† (Zemsky, 2005) The term terrorism has evolved in its meaning since it was first introduced in 1790s during the violent period following the French Revolution, to what it is now as the acts of violence or brutality intended to gain political, religious or ideological objective through intimidation and instillation of fear in the targeted population (Jenkins, 2003; Enders and Sandler, 2002). In hospitality industry, concern regarding terrorism has been noticed since the mid-1980s, as cases of terrorism in tourism related sectors increased dramatically from 206 in 1972 to 3,010 in 1985 (d’Amore and Anunza, 1986). Since then, security is seen as crucial (Pizam and Mansfeld, 1996) and is increasingly intensified especially after the tragic events on September 11, 2001 (Cohen, 2002). Terrorism in hospitality industry is continuously happening. Post the 9/11 era, there have been many significant terrorism incidents targeting hotels worldwide (Guardian, 2009). Hospitality leaders need to be able to take proactive actions to minimize occurrence possibilities. However, managing security in hospitality industry is a little more complex when compared with other industries, and therefore required a different approach. This essay aims to critically analyze the unique challenges faced by hospitality industry in managing its security. Three main issues will be discussed thoroughly and some related examples will be presented as supporting explanations. Then, it will be followed by relevant recommendations regarding actions to be taken by the leaders in the hospitality industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Hospitality Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Hospitality Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Complexity of managing security in hospitality industry is primarily due to the nature of the industry itself. Hospitality is a business that revolves around offering friendly, welcoming, and generous treatment to its customers. Hotels in particular, emphasize a â€Å"home-from-home† concept that encourages guests to use facilities as if they were their own in order to make them feel as welcomed, comfortable, convenient and relaxed as possible (Ulph, 1996). It strives for making guests feel as if they were in their home on the one hand, while on the other hand needs to secure it against any possible criminal threats. As mentioned by Todd Brown, the executive director of United States Overseas Security Advisory Council, hospitality industry faces a contradictory problem in term that â€Å"they’re inviting people in and they want to be hospitable, but some are also operating in an environment that is real threatening, especially with terrorism† (Yu, 2008). While other businesses are able to opt for overt security practices, stringent security practices are often considered unacceptable in hospitality industry as guests wish to experience discreet high personalized service (Gill et al. 2002). Several London’s top hotels security managers stated that if not impossible, it is extremely difficult to ensure maximum security in line with maintaining high hospitality standards. Its unique context requires a compromise balance so that hospitable image can still be portrayed and terrorism threats can be prevented, avoiding damage caused by either service deterioration or severe terroris m impacts (Groenenboom and Jones, 2003). Even though there is no international standard, in most cases except for those located in high risk locations such as Israel, to be extremely overt by having uniformed security guard at every door may frighten guests. From the positive side, it does going to enhance protection for the guests, staffs and properties; however it is also going to promote the feeling as if they were in unsafe environment instead and discourage them from wanting to be there. One of international security and policing advisory companies stresses the point that good security practice should not be intrusive. Hospitality leaders should be able to provide discreet, professional and effective security; which is enough to deter threats and at the same time provide a sense of security for the guests (Capital Eye, 2011). One of the very good examples that represent an effective security approach that meets both requirements to be hospitable and safe is shown by several five and seven-star hotels in New Delhi. As host of XIX Commonwealth Games 2011, they not only implemented sophisticated technology but also hired detectives to keep an eye on their guests as part of heightened security measures during the Games to prevent terrorist attack (TNN, 2010). While the detectives were instructed to keep a close watch on the guests and their visitors, to observe their movement and report any suspicious activities, they were also instructed to be discreet and remain unnoticed. However, regardless of the super-tight security, guests should not feel disturbed or even feel that they are being watched. This shows that even though it is difficult to find the balance between hospitality versus security, some innovative approaches are available out there and the implementation will be truly favorable for the business. Next issue to be discussed is the vulnerability of hospitality industry which makes it an easy target for terrorists. The physical environment of the industry, for example in hotels, complicates the way security needs to be managed. As mentioned earlier they emphasize on â€Å"home-from-home† concept, and thus are built with aesthetics and comfort, not security and safety in mind (Goslin, 2008). As a public place with multiple entrances and exits as well as numerous arrivals and departures; everyone, including terrorists, can basically come in and walk around for 24/7 without really being noticed. Loading docks, garages, delivery vehicles, and luggage storage areas all present risks of their own (Cetron, 2004). In addition, the infrastructures also somewhat represent different vulnerabilities. HVAC and water supply systems, electric power and telecommunication services; all are exposed to danger (Homeland Security, 2004). Some researchers (Gill et al. 2002; Groenenboom and Jones, 2003) illustrate a hotel with all facilities that it offers, such as restaurants and bars, shops, leisure centers, nightclubs and so on, as a small city center. Therefore, various crimes that usually happen in the streets may also possibly happen in the hotel. Among all, restaurants face special risks that just a little inadvertence may provide an opportunity for terrorists to easily contaminate the food with bacteria, toxic chemicals or even radioactive materials (Cetron, 2004). It must be remembered that there are different modes of terrorist attacks. From his analysis regarding the logistical burden of each different attack mode, Baxter (2003) showed that the impact of successful biological attack, for example anthrax bacteria, can be many times larger than the impact of conventional bomb attack (Appendix). Even though the impacts can only be seen after some time if compared with immediate damage caused by bombs, it is still equally if not more devastating (Cetron, 2004). Most hotels currently are stuck with the â€Å"Maginot Line† syndrome in managing security in their properties. Security is ineffectively designed solely based on the existing gaps from previous attack to prevent it from reoccurring rather than based on foreseen future attacks, ignoring the fact that terrorists are consistently able to come up with new strategies to overcome the security countermeasures in place (Goslin, 2008). Exact example can be seen from Marriott Jakarta. After its entrance was being hit by suicide bombing in 2003, security guards started to vigorously search every coming guest for bombs and weapons at every lobby entrance. However, the staff entrance is completely forgotten until it was used by the hotel’s florist to smuggle in the bombs in 2009 (Jerard, Astuti and Feisal, 2009). As summarized by Cetron (2004), there are just too many access points which offer opportunities for attack. Vulnerability characteristics of hospitality industry often make it seen as soft-target for terrorist attack. Therefore, although chance of terrorist attack from happening is considered low (Mitroff, 2005), security is still necessary to be managed. Hospitality leaders may take some actions through implementation of new procedures such as luggage scanning upon arrival, metal detectors at entrances, forbidding long-term luggage storage or randomly requesting guests’ identification (Brady, 2009). Besides, from the Marriott Jakarta bombing in 2009, hospitality leaders should also learn that to know their own people well, such as through background check before hiring, and to use suppliers that also know their people will help to overcome the vulnerable characteristics of the industry. Lastly, it is extremely challenging to manage security in hospitality industry as it appears not only as soft-target, due to the hospitable and vulnerable characteristics as previously discussed; but also as tempting-target for terrorism attacks (Pizam, 2009). Hospitality industry organizations, especially the international chain ones are often regarded as representing the western ideologies that current terrorists are mostly fighting against. Because government establishments as the main targets have continuously improved their security defenses and become harder to be attacked; hotels are therefore chosen as secondary targets to represent attacks toward the respective governments (Richter and Waugh, 1986; Stratfor, 2005). For example, in November 2002, three suicide bombers detonated a bomb in Israeli-owned Paradise Hotel’s lobby which is located in Mombasa, Kenya, to show its opposition against Israel government (Daily Mail, 2002). And in August 2003, Canal Hotel in Baghdad, Iraq was also bombed because the hotel had been used by United Nations as its headquarters (UN, 2004). Not only international chain hotels, international guests are also frequently targeted as they symbolize wealth, freedom of choice or independence that is associated with western (Richter and Waugh, 1986). The terrorism impacts involving international guests as the victims is considered to provide guaranteed extensive international media coverage, which therefore allow terrorists to widely spread their messages and making them heard loud, clear and fast in the most effective manner (Sonmez, Apostolopoulos and Tarlow, 1999; Pizam 2009). Moreover, in September 2008, Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan was bombed when the entire Pakistan’s leaders, including president, prime minister and armed service chiefs, were rumored to have been scheduled for dinner over there (BBC, 2008). This shows that actually the hotel was just served as the third-party in the overall plan. As it is common for a hotel to host various events or conferences that may involve highly influential people or political figures as participant, which may be the target of terrorists, indirectly the hotel itself also faces the threat of danger. This latter issue is more likely beyond the control of the hospitality industry leaders. However, the fact that terrorist attacks do not usually occur at locally owned hotels that cater to domestic tourists (Pizam, 2009) exemplifies that hospitality leaders in international chain hotels may try to find strategies for their hotels to blend in with the local communities and create mix between domestic and international guests. In conclusion, all the issues discussed above; the difficulties in finding the balance between hospitality and security, the vulnerable characteristics, and its association with western ideologies which makes it appears as tempting-target for terrorism attacks; have led to certain complexity of security management in hospitality industry if compared with any other industries. Current and future hospitality leaders are required to have the abilities to cope with these issues as it has been widely agreed that for terrorists to strike is no longer a question of â€Å"if†, but rather a question of â€Å"when†, â€Å"how† and â€Å"how prepared† the hotel is to deal with it (Mitroff, 2005). Recent terrorist attacks on hotels worldwide (Guardian, 2009) have increasingly raised guests’ awareness regarding the importance of proper security management to be put in place. Security is becoming a major issue that affects guests’ decision when planning a hotel stay (Sonmez and Graefe, 1998a). Not only that, even for some hotels, security enhancement by having high-level security measures is now regarded as an important selling point (Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 2006). Therefore, a more proactive approach in managing security is extremely required (Ritchie, 2004). In addition to high technology investment like what Dorchester Hotel in London just recently did through the installation of new IP video surveillance management software (Milestone, 2009), employees also need to be trained to fully enhance the overall security measures quality. Employees must be the key focused elements that must be taken care of as in fact they are the ones behind all of the implemented systems and technologies, the ones who have the eyes and ears to recognize any suspicious activities. At last, having emotional intelligence, the ability to perceive, identify, and manage own emotions; as well as to understand others and having the knowledge or skills to manage relationship with others (Serrat, 2009); will help hospitality leaders to be able to do it all, to overcome all challenges and continuously come up with effective security plans and strategies, to make decisions and put them into real actions throughout daily operations, as well as to train the employees, that will result in superior level of security as a whole. ? List of References Baxter, P. 2003. â€Å"Can Terrorists Achieve CBRN Capability in 2004† in Managing Terrorism Risk. Newark, CA: Risk Management Solutions. BBC. 2008. Marriott ‘escape’ report denied [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Brady, S. 2009. Wake-up call: Lessons learned from Mumbai [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 01. 11. 2011]. Capital Eye. 2011. Hotel Security Protecting Everybody’s Interests [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 30. 10. 2011]. Caterer and Hotelkeeper. 2006. Hotel security: An important selling point [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Cetron, M. J. 2004. â€Å"Hospitality In The Age Of Terror†, HSMAI Marketing Review. Cohen, E. A. 2002. â€Å"Collective bargaining regarding safety and security issue†, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. Vol. 43 No. 5, pp. 109-18. Daily Mail. 2002. Twelve quizzed after Kenya hotel blast [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. D’Amore, L. J. and Anunza, T. E. 1986. â€Å"International terrorism: implications and challenge for global tourism†, Business Quarterly, pp. 0-29. Enders, W. and Sandler, T. 2002. â€Å"Patterns of transnational terrorism, 1970–1999: Alternative time-series estimates†, International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 46, pp. 145–65. Gill, M. , et al. 2002 Security management and crime in hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Vol. 14 Iss. 2, pp. 58-64. Goleman, D. 1996. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can M atter More than IQ. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Goslin, C. 2008. White Paper – Hotel Security [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 31. 10. 2011]. Groenenboom, K. and Jones, P. 2003. Issues of security in hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Vol. 15 Iss. 1, pp. 14-19. Guardian. 2009. Timeline: Hotel bomb attacks [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 30. 10. 2011]. Homeland Security. 2004. Characteristics and Common Vulnerabilities Infrastructure Category: Hotels [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 31. 10. 2011]. Jenkins, P. 2003. Images of Terror: What We Can and Cant Know about Terrorism. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Jerard, J. Astuti, F and Feisal, M. 2009. â€Å"Bombing of JW Marriott and Ritz Carlton Jakarta†, International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 01. 11. 2011]. Milestone. 2009. The Dorchester Hotel delivers discreet, top-class security with future-proof Milestone IP video [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Mitroff, I. I. 2005. Why some companies emerge stronger and better fr om a crisis: 7 essential lessons for surviving disaster. New York: AMACOM. Pizam, A. 2009. Hotels as tempting targets for terrorism attacks†, International Journal of Hospitality Management. Vol. 29 No. 1. Pizam, A. and Mansfeld, Y. 1996. Tourism, crime and international security issues. Chichester,UK: Willey. Richter, L. K. and Waugh, W. L. 1986. â€Å"Tourism politics and political science: A case of not so benign neglect†, Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 313–15. Ritchie, B. W. 2004. â€Å"Chaos, crises and disasters: A strategic approach to crisis management in the tourism industry†, Tourism Management. Vol. 25 No. 6, pp. 669–83. Serrat, O. 009. Understanding and Developing Emotional Intelligence [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Sonmez, S. F. , Apostolopoulos, Y. and Tarlow, P. 1999. â€Å"Tourism in crisis: Managing the effects of terrorism†, Journal of Travel Research. Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 13 œ18. Sonmez, S. and Graefe, A. R. 1998a. â€Å"Influence on terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions†, Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 25, pp. 112–44. Stratfor. 2005. The Terrorist Attack Cycle: Selecting the Target [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. TNN. 2010. Hotels hire detectives to keep an eye on guests [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 30. 10. 2011]. Ulph, S. 1996. Secure reservations, Security Industry, pp. 19-22. UN. 2004. UN Secretariat Summary of Main Findings and Conclusion [online]. New York: Security in Iraq Accountability Panel. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Yu, R. 2008. International hotels seek mix between hospitality, security [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 30. 10. 2011]. Zemsky, H. 2005. War on tourism? [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 28. 10. 2011].

Polysemy Definition and Examples

Polysemy Definition and Examples Polysemy is the association of one word with two or more distinct meanings. A polyseme is a word or phrase with multiple meanings. The word polysemy comes from the Greek for many signs. The adjective forms of the word include  polysemous or polysemic. In contrast, a one-to-one match between a word and a meaning is called monosemy. According to William Croft, Monosemy is probably most clearly found in specialized vocabulary dealing with technical topics (The Handbook of Linguistics, 2003). According to some estimates, more than 40% of English words have more than one meaning. The fact that so many words (or lexemes) are polysemous shows that semantic changes often add meanings to the language without subtracting any (M. Lynne Murphy, Lexical Meaning, 2010). For a discussion of the similarities and differences between polysemy and homonymy, see the entry for homonymy. Examples and Observations The word good has many meanings. For example, if a man were to shoot his grandmother at a range of five hundred yards, I should call him a good shot, but not necessarily a good man. (G.K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy, 1909) Have You Met Life Today? (advertising slogan of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 2001) Now, the kitchen was the room in which we were sitting, the room where Mama did hair and washed clothes, and where each of us bathed in a galvanized tub. But the word has another meaning, and the kitchen Im speaking of now is the very kinky bit of hair at the back of the head, where the neck meets the shirt collar. If there ever was one part of our African past that resisted assimilation, it was the kitchen. (Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Colored People. Alfred A. Knopf, 1994) Sports Illustrated can be bought for 1 dollar or 35 million dollars; the first is something you can read and later start a fire with, the second is a particular company that produces the magazine you just read. Such polysemy can give rise to a special ambiguity (He left the bank five minutes ago, He left the bank five years ago). Sometimes dictionaries use history to decide whether a particular entry is a case of one word with two related meanings, or two separate words, but this can be tricky. Even though pupil (eye) and pupil (student) are historically linked, they are intuitively as unrelated as bat (implement) and bat (animal). (Adrian Akmajian, et al., Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. MIT Press, 2001) The simplest form of this verb is when it signifies movement forward: The advance of the army was rapid. The  word can also mean the state of being in a forward position: We were in advance of the rest of the army. More figuratively, the word can be used to signify promotion in rank or position or salary: His advance to stardom was remarkable. It is also possible to advance an argument in the sense of putting forward reasons for supporting a particular view or course of action: I would like to advance the argument that being in debt is a desirable state while interest rates are so low. (David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms. Wordsworth, 2007) On Polysemy in Advertising Common polysemic puns involve words like bright, naturally, clearly, where the advertiser will want both meanings. This headline ran above a picture of a sheep:Take it from the manufacturer.Wool. Its worth more. Naturally.(American Wool Council, 1980)Here the pun is a way of attributing wool, not to a manufacturing industry, but to nature. (Greg Myers, Words in Ads. Routledge, 1994) On Polysemy as a Graded Phenomenon We adopt as a working hypothesis the view that almost every word is more or less  polysemous, with senses linked to a prototype by a set of relational semantic principles which incorporate a greater or lesser amount of flexibility. We follow the now common practice in polysemy research and regard polysemy as a graded phenomenon . . ., where contrastive polysemy deals with homonyms such as match (a small stick with a tip which ignites when scraped on a rough surface) and match (contest in a game or sport), whereas complementary polysemy deals with interrelated semantic aspects of a word, such as, in the case of record, for example, the physical object and the music. (Brigitte Nerlich and David D. Clarke, Polysemy and Flexibility. Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language. Walter de Gruyter, 2003) The Lighter Side of Polysemy Leave it to Americans to think that no means yes, pissed means angry, and curse word means something other than a word thats cursed! (Excalibur employee in It Hits the Fan. South Park, 2001) Lt. Abbie Mills: You sure you want to stay in this old cabin? Its a bit of a fixer-upper.Ichabod Crane: You and I have very different definitions of old. Seems if a building stays upright for more than a decade, people declare it a national landmark.(Nicole Beharie and Tom Mison in John Doe. Sleepy Hollow, 2013)

Interaction Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interaction Devices - Essay Example Generally, touch screens offer more comfort to users than other input devices. In relation to this, people who are impaired and find keyboards and mice difficult to use will find touch screen devices easier to use. They are also easier to clean and maintain. In spite of their numerous advantages, touch screen devices are not without disadvantages. They may cause fatigue to users especially when installed for use in such places as demand straining or near extreme stretching of arms (Xiangshi, 2000). They may also be subject to obscurity after several episodes of touch. With the development of technology, more input devices are bound to be used in the future. While the keyboard, mouse and touch screen are used today, their use may be short lived. In ten years to come, computer input devices under use will probably use head tracking devices, hand tracking devices, laser keyboards, projected mice, and full body motion tracking devices as noted by Moeller

Diabetes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Diabetes - Research Paper Example The A1C Diagnostic Tool The testing of diabetes has long been faced with a myriad of challenges that include insufficient diagnosis of the disease. Several diabetes diagnostic tests have been developed over the years but all of them are not accurate as the Haemoglobin A1C level test. The A1C test is undertaken to test the amount of sugar present in the red blood cells. The test looks into the average blood glucose levels in patient’s body for a period of two to three months. The A1C test uses an averaging system whereby a patient’s blood glucose levels are tested based on a percentage system (Cunha-vaz, 2011). Diabetes tests conducted using the A1C diagnostic testing tools have been very accurate in estimating blood sugar levels of a patient over a long period of time. Compared to other tests, the A1C test does not require a patient to fast without food for periods of time since the test can be conducted at any time (Ford-Martin, 2004). A1C Research Tests A research was conducted to test the effectiveness of the A1C diagnosis test in South Korea over a period of 6 years. The test was conducted to find out the best levels for haemoglobin A1C level for different diabetes patients this included patients belonging to different races. The research targeted a total of 10,038 participants were included in this research and they first underwent a 75-g oral glucose test tolerance test at baseline with two year follow up. Among the research participants, 572 of them had a previous history of having diabetes (Ford-Martin, 2004). From the results a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the A1C cut-off. The results established that at the baseline 635 participants representing 6.8% had previously undiagnosed diabetes. An A1C cut-off of 5.9% produced the highest sum of sensitivity at 68% and specificity (91%). At the end of the research, after 6 years 895 (10.2%) participants had developed diabetes. An A1C cut-o ff of 5.6% had the highest sum of sensitivity (59%) and specificity (77%) in the identification of consequent 6-year incident diabetes. After variations in adjustment it was found that men with A1C baseline of 5.6% had a 2.4 fold increased risk while women with the same baseline had a 3.1 fold increased risk of contracting diabetes in the future (Cunha-vaz, 2011). The research study was successful in concluding that patients with a 5.9% A1C cut-off identified participants with undiagnosed diabetes. The study also concluded that people with A1C equal or greater than 5.6% had increased risk of contracting diabetes in the future. Integration of A1C The research study undertaken by researchers on the agreed levels of Haemoglobin A1C test was important in determining the agreed levels of A1C suitable for diagnosing diabetes. From the research we are able to learn that doctors have found out that people with Haemoglobin A1C level of ? 5.6% have a higher risk of contracting diabetes. Due t o the accuracy of using the A1C diagnosis testing, Doctors are now able to easily detect diabetes in the body. Many researchers agree that the A1C test and research was important in coming up with a standardised A1C cut-off which was put at the level of 6.5%. The results of the South Korean research concluded that the A1C levels of 5.9% contributed to patients contracting type 2 diabetes (Cunha-vaz, 2011). While on the other hand, the same study was conducted among the Japanese population and they found out that an A1C cut-off

The Woman in Black Essay Example for Free

The Woman in Black Essay No reader of The Woman in Black Can be left in doubt about its conscious evocation of the Gothic. It is full of motifs and effects associated with that genre, How far would you agree with this statement of the novel? I agree undeniably, with the above statement, as the novel is a pastiche of the Victorian/Edwardian ghost story which is a sub-genre of the Gothic. Thus consciously evoking the Gothic. However, it could be argued that Susan Hill at times cleverly manipulates the motifs and effects associated with the Gothic genre. It is theses motifs and effects that are present in the gothic genre, which I will discuss in The Women in Black (1983). I will begin by briefly discussing this essay on the genre itself The Gothic genre is a genre that has been burning artistically for centuries, ever since it was more or less invented by Horace Walpole in the classical gothic novel The Castle of Otranto1765 possessed the indispensable and core elements of this genre, it was set to be a benchmark for following work in this field such as The Woman in White (1860) by Wilkie Collins, The Italian (1797) by Ann Radcliff, The Monk'(1796) by Mathew Lewis and Bram Stokers Dracula (1897). The Women in Black is full of Gothic elements and conventions throughout. The reader at first realises the effectiveness of the first person narrative of the novel; this is delivered by Arthur Kipps the main character of the story. Effectively, the reader gains a first hand insight of thoughts, feelings and emotions of Arthur instantly as they happen. Therefore, slowly but gradually the reader becomes attached to Arthur due to the sense of immediacy that they experience with the unfolding of emotions, thoughts and events when Arthur does. This is initially used in the opening chapter Christmas Eve when Arthur states; I was seized by something I cannot possibly describe, an emotion, a desire- no, it was rather more, a knowledge, a simple certainty, which gripped me, Indisputably, the Christmas Eve opening of The Woman in Black echoes the opening of Henry Jamess Turn of the Screw. It is a convention of the ghost Story were in the festive season people gather by the fire and make up lurid inventions about vampires to even rats and bats. In addition the intertextuality of the novel is emphasised with the striking resemblance between Arthur Kipps and Jonathon Harker in Bram Stokers Dracula (1897). Here both are lawyers and both are very rational which is exemplified when Arthur describes himself as a commonsensical man. Another example of the novels intertextuality is one of the chapters actual name; Oh whistle and Ill come to you which is taken from an M.R. James ghost story. These thoroughly present intertextuality continuously imprints on the reader the elements of the novel, the ghost story. This is also agreed by most Enlish critic like (1)Alan Jones who says; Hills novel also shows an eclectic indebtedness to other text. The referential quality of text like Walpoles The Castle of Otranto or Lewiss The Monk, with their nods in the direction of medieval manuscript, Shakespeare, graveyard poetry and so on, finds full measure in the pages of her text. The first attribute acknowledged by the reader as a common Gothic element is the setting of The Women in Black. overall, there are two main settings of the story, one being Monks Piece where Arthur begins the story of The Women in Black. Initially, Monks Piece is presented as place from out of reach from civilisation, an area of remoteness and isolation, a place really distant. Arthur describes its air of remoteness and isolation which makes us feel ourselves to be much further from civilization. The supernatural or otherwise inexplicable events are a key theme in the Gothic genre and The Woman in Black is no exception. In The Woman in Black is the constant emphasis of man versus nature that is repeated throughout. Susan Hill provides an undetectable malevolent and treacherous force, using nature, whether its a fog, sea-freats or a mist. The ultimate felling of supernatural is without a shadow of doubt, created by the fog, one of Londons deadliest peasoupers. The fog slowly, but gradually constructs the sense of the supernatural by creating an illusion of uncertainty for both Arthur and the reader. This is conveyed when Arthur describes the fog. Fog was out door, hanging over the river, creeping in the and out of alleys and passagessly entrance at every opening of a door. This idea of the fog suggests the fog has become an entity by technique of personification used by Hill. This projects the idea that the fog is more than a fog. In that way it is given a beastly presentation especially by the use of the simile like a furred beast. The distinct description of the fog provokes the inevitable thought of the supernatural with its ever-present malevolent force. This idea of the isolation and remoteness is often used in the Gothic. It gives a clear sense of eeriness and vulnerability about Monks Piece. This is the setting were Arthur begins his ghostly narrative in an attempt to Exorcise the haunting of his past. This brings to mind the idea that when Arthur dies, his accounts of events would be found by someone else like the traditional manuscript found by Jonathon Harker in Bram Stokers Dracula. The other main setting of the novel is Eel Marsh House. In comparison with Monks piece, Eel Marsh House has an air of strange sensation, an excitement mingled with alarm. Eel Marsh House is projected as a place that will have you startled with excitement but also vividly perceptive at the same time. This is illustrated in the description when Arthur initially sets eyes on Eel Marsh House by saying; it was a tall, gaunt house that is isolated and uncompromising but also on the other hand Handsome. Nevertheless, Eel Marsh house is so indistinguishable of Monks Piece in the sense of the sheer solitude and loneliness about the place. However, unlike Monks Piece there is evil with a touch of wickedness about Eel Marsh House, this illustrates that Eel Marsh House is an updating of the Gothic castle. It is this Gothic aura that seems to be seducing Arthur. This idea can be unmistakably recognised when Arthur mentions that; I was aware of a heightened of every one of my senses, and Conscious that this extraordinary place was imprinting itself on my mind and deep on my imagination too This cleverly hints the supernatural force that seems to be enveloping itself around Arthur, inevitably, he appears to be addicted to the place and not discouraged by eeriness incorporated by the satanic sea vultures and by the bleakness that is being hurled by the small burial ground near Eel Marsh house which is typical Gothic iconography. This is further emphasised by the condition of the decayed gravestone with patches of greenish-yellow lichen and moss. Moreover, its the indecipherable dates and names on the Drablows graveyard that create mystery, just like how the novels time period and place of setting is left ambiguous. An atmosphere of mystery and suspense is another key Gothic element in the gothic genre and The Woman in Black is no different. The presentation of London in A London Particular establishes the mystery and mood of the novel. The city is presented as dark, evil-smelling, with a foul gloom atmosphere, when these carefully constructed metaphors and adjectives bind, they do paint a vivid image for the reader. In addition, the true sense of mystery and suspense is cemented by the introduction of Jennet Humfrye the Woman in Black herself. At the funeral of Mrs. Drablow, she is described as a woman with some terrible wasting disease a woman with skin that is tautly stretched and strikingly, a woman only a short time away from her own death. This description deployed by Hill illustrates that this is no ordinary woman and inhuman in some sort even to the extent that she is a walking corpse, a curse on Crythin Gifford. Therefore, Hill sustains the key Gothic theme of death and curse in the novel. The novel itself is built around the mystery of the woman and the tragic death of her child. This unravels that Jennets separated from her son because of the social stigma associated with children being born out of wedlock. This is heightened by the inexplicable behaviour of the Woman in Black and more effectively the reaction of those who see and hear of her presence. This is conveyed to the reader when Arthur says I had never in my life been so possessed by it, never known my knees to tremble And my flesh to creep, and then to turn cold as stone. The absolute fear here is over-ridden by the total danger which she has caused him. This utter tantrum is fuelled by the unexplainable event of disappearance by the wasted woman. This high, even overwrought emotion is common in most Gothic novels; it clearly portrays the feeling of impending doom being experience by the character, in this case, Arthur when he is in intense fear and sense of shock as he witnessed the vanishing of The Woman in Black. It is clear that Susan Hill effectively deploys the basics of gothic elements of gothic fiction. However, these elements are altered to appeal to a more modern audience in the case the castle. Therefore it can be said that Eel Marsh House is an updating of the Gothic Castle. Hill effectively sustains her Gothic genre of Gothic horror of contracting the soul, freezing the faculties and nearly annihilating them. This is apparent in The Woman in The Black several times with excessive examples of Arthur and even other characters including Mr. Jerome, when he is in shock, paralysed by fear of the Woman in Black; Mr. Jerome grabbed my wrist and held it in an agonizingly tight grip or collapse with some kind of seizure. Or even more effectively when the sense of danger and horror is built up using Arthurs companion dog Spider, who becomes accustomed to the threat present; Every her of her body was on end, her ears were pricked, her tail erect, the whole of her tense, as if ready to spring This form of reaction defines gothic horror capturing the idea developed by Ann Radcliffe. Another Victorian/Edwardian convention of ghost stories that cements the pastiches of the novel is how the setting is kept ambiguous. This is shown when Mr Bentley sends Arthur to Eel Marsh in-shire? to represent the firm at Mrs Drablows funeral. Moreover, the context of the novel is kept unclear, because the story could be taking place after the First World War or more likely in the Edwardian period due to the lack of cars present and more significantly to the continuous appearances of a pony and trap in the novel as a leitmotif. Overall, Susan hill captures the mood of the Gothic genre and specially the sub-genre the ghost story. Hill shows a great variety of traditional gothic elements with a blend of originality and innovation by overturning the readers expectation of the genre inconsistently within the novel. In the woman in black the oppressor is a woman and the victim is a man, Arthur, threatened by a powerful, impulsive and a tyramical female, where on the other hand most gothic genre have a woman as a victim. Nevertheless, this ingenious thesis by Hill is a pleasant one because undoubtedly the novel is unpredictable while still consciously evoking the gothic.

Magic in The Descent of Innana and Sappho Essay -- Descent Innana Sapp

Magic in The Descent of Innana and Sappho In the ancient text The Descent of Innana and the lyric poetry of Sappho, language is viewed as magic. Not only are the words themselves acting as magic, as in an invocation, but other things manifest themselves as magic throughout the works. The most common throughout the works of Sappho is that of love. Sappho also shows us the magic of everyday life in many of her poems. Finally, the writing down of the works performs a magic all of its own; the magic of continuation. Through the writing of their works the story of Innana and the poetry of Sappho will live on forever. The most obvious use of language as magic is in The Descent of Innana. This text is actually all about language as magic. It originated as a ritual that was reenacted along with group participation as part of a religion. Innana is the earth goddess and in this ritual the story of the past is invoked to reproduce the happenings in it and guarantee the passing of one season to the next. The words also held the power to unite people in the cause. At certain times, the priestess would say a line such as â€Å"my lady abandoned heaven, abandoned earth, to the nether world she descended. Innana abandoned heaven, abandoned earth, to the nether world she descended. Abandoned lordship, abandoned ladyship, to the nether world she descended (Descent 790)†, the audience would have chimed in on the repetitive parts of the lines. It is also possible that, due to the repetitive nature of the ritual, people memorized the ritual and would recite along with the priestess. This s hows how the ancient people bound themselves together through language, they had a common ritual, which they took part in and knew the... ...s could also have eternal life. This is another way that these works are sacred magic. The Descent of Innana is one of the first written pieces of literature we have. Sappho is one of the earliest lyric poets that we have a record of. These works are an example of the idea of the magic of writing itself coming to life. The idea that something can be written down and outlast the writer is truly something the Greeks would have held as magical. As you can see, the writing of ancient Greeks shows sacred magic in many ways. There is magic in it’s most literal form in the ritual of The Descent of Innana. Magic also manifests itself within these texts. There is magic in love, everyday life, and in the writing of these texts, which brings about eternal life. Seen in this way, it is easy to see why people would agree that these texts hold sacred magic.

Reasons to Support and Reasons to Oppose Ecotourism Essay

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting pristine, fragile, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, purposed as a low- impact and small scale alternative to commercial tourism, which contributes towards both environmental and socioeconomic benefits. Ecotourism travel has significantly caught the attention of various individuals recently. There are a number of reasons supporting ecotourism and there are a number of reasons opposing ecotourism. Ecotourism invented to help conserving the natural environment, it also helps improving the cultural, economical and social situations of the developing countries. At the same time, it can also possibly leads to a destruction of natural habitats, it can be prejudicial as well as damaging the local communities. The reason opposes ecotourism is that ecotourism will cause the destruction of the ecosystem. Tourists would scare the animals in areas where animals live, such as woodland areas. Those animals live in the forest are wild, they are not tame, and may pose a danger to tourists. The presence of tourists will cause stress to the wild animals since they are not used to live together with humans. If those tourists are carrying food and try to feed them, over a period of time, the survival ability of those animals would decline and it is bad to them. On Mexico’s Pacific coast, bright lights from beachfront hotels disorient female sea turtles coming ashore to lay eggs, often preventing successful reproduction (Eco-tourism: Encouraging Conservation or Adding to Exploitation?;pg.2). If you have ever been to any national parks, you will know that the parks are very big and there are at least a few pieces of rubbish in different places. Examples of that include the large-scale habitat transformation to enhance ecotourism experience in Malaysia, track erosion in Costa Rican National Parks and severe pollution by garbage at certain points in the Himalayas in Nepal (The role of ecotourism in conservation: panacea or Pandora’s box?; pg. 592). There are many park rangers to manage the parks, but it is still difficult to find every single piece of rubbish in the parks. The rubbish can be harmful to the natural environments and animals, especially the plastic trash, for example plastic bottles and plastic bags which cannot be decomposed in a short period. The first reason to support ecotourism is that countries can receive the economic gain from developing ecotourism, especially for those developing countries. Tourism in general created only between 0.5 and 13.5%of the GDP for some developed countries (The role of ecotourism in conservation: panacea or Pandora’s box?; pg. 584), it’s because the developed countries concentrate in financial industry and the real estate industry. But for the developing countries, it could generate huge revenue, for example, hotel revenue, sites entrance fee, tax revenue etc. Goodwin (1996) predicted the revenue created by ecotourism and environmentally sensitive tourism to be 50 billion and 300 billion US$ in the year 2000, respectively (The role of ecotourism in conservation: panacea or Pandora’s box?; pg. 580). It can also generate foreign currencies for their economic development. Ecotourism can also generate employment opportunities for the local communities, they can have more type of work to choose. In Bhutan, ecotourism plays an important role in generating employment opportunities, because there are 80 % of people work in agricultural sector, but conservative figures by the Tourism Council of Bhutan estimate tourism’s contribution to GDP at US$90 million in 2010, and there are now 21,000people employed directly and indirectly in tourism (Bhutan, A Model for Sustainable Tourism Development; pg. 15). The living standard of the local people is increased and compare to the extractive uses of land that ecotourism is more sustainable that locals could gain the long term income. Another reason is, to the developed and developing countries, many of the lands have ecological value for economic development. Developing ecotourism can make the sites protected well because it can generate foreign currency which provides a strong incentive to the government to conserve the sites. The governments will protect the sites for sustainable development but not destroying it, for example hiring park rangers to manage the sites. Also they will promote sites protection to the local resident, since they may not notice about the place they live now is that beautiful and need to conserve it, develop ecotourism can increase their awareness on protecting the sites. Since sustainable development is important to the sites, the government will improve the maintenance of the sites and have a good management. The last reason is ecotourism can increase sense of mission among tourists on nature and tourists can benefit from the local cultures. They can gain more knowledge about the nature since they can experience that directly. Local residents can benefit from the environmental education ecotourism provides. Honduran schoolchildren from the capital city of Tegucigalpa are routinely taken to visit the La Tigra cloud forest visitor center, to learn about the intricacies of the rainforests (Eco-tourism: Encouraging Conservation or Adding to Exploitation? ;pg.2). Tourist always like shopping while traveling, ecotourism can let them have more interaction with the nature, local residents and have a relaxing time, not just shopping but also enjoy the natural environment and try to travel on foot. Tourists are able to have an opportunity benefit from local cultures and understand the country more deeply. Some countries will promote that supporting local cultures by eating foods which are locally grown, having lunch in local-owned restaurants, taking part in their traditional activities, buying food at stores. The rise of interest in ecotourism is beneficial to many aspects, the government can achieve economic gains, and the local communities have a higher income. Also, it is beneficial to the ecotourism sites that the sites can be protected well and beneficial to the tourists that they can gain more knowledge about the nature. Although ecotourism may cause some habitat alterations and pollute the area, it can still be balanced between sustainable development and economic development if it is managed well and can be developed in more and more countries. So the advantages of development of ecotourism outweigh the disadvantages. It can also conserve the environment, which is good to all of us.

Providing For Homeland Security During The United States

Providing for homeland security in the United States requires protection from a diverse set of threats. One prominent avenue of attack is via maritime routes, yet the nature of the coastal marine space makes it extremely difficult to detect and intercept smuggling vessels. Many sensing technologies exist for detection of seacraft, but there are few options for deployment of these sensors. Currently, such sensors are deployed on various manned vessels, tethered buoys, and aircraft. Development and testing of purpose built anti-submarine systems such as DARPA’s ASW Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) (more colorfully known as the â€Å"ghost hunter†), is underway but suffers from high cost. The coastal marine space surrounding the United States is vast. Poor access to supporting resources such as fuel or communications, means manned patrol vessels face challenges with monitoring resolution, mission endurance, crew comfort, and information relay. A combination of low cost autonomous vessels and buoys, both at the surface and underwater, can help mitigate these issues. However, existing systems have varying capabilities that make each suited to particular types of tasks. Background While smuggling via watercraft goes back thousands of years, only recently have smugglers used submarine and low radar profile watercraft. The interception of the first submarine smuggling narcotics in 2006 proved that intruding vessels are a real threat. 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